Russia

In 1948, as part of a morale-boosting exercise, the government of russia introduced new uniforms and insignias. The 3 major changes were the replacement of the stars (too easily linked with communism) with circular pips, the formaly "blank" shoulder boards now carrying pips and finaly the arms of service colours were now shown on the pips or bars.

Arms of service colours
Infantry	Aviation	Armour/Artillery	Navy	Oprishniki	Border Guard

--- Soldier	--- Corporal	--- Junior Sergeant	--- Sergeant	--- Senior Sergeant	--- Master Sergeant	--- Adjutant	--- Seniror Adjutant

--- Junior Lieutenant	--- Lieutenant	--- Senior Lieutenant	--- Captain	--- Major	--- Sub-Colonel	--- Colonel

--- Major General	--- Lieutenant General	--- Colonel General	--- General of... [name of service]	--- Marshal of... [name of service]	--- Supreme Leader